[Effect of betamethasone on neonatal respiratory failure in late preterm pregnancies]

Background and Objective: Respiratory failure is one of the most important respiratory problems in premature infants. Several studies have shown the efficacy of corticosteroids in gestational age less than 34 weeks. This study was done to determine the effect of prenatal betamethasone injection during 34 to 36 weeks of pregnancy on the prevention of newborn respiratory failure

Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 140 women with risk of preterm labor at 34 to 36 weeks of gestational age. Women in interventional group were received betamethasone 12 mg IM [2 doses, 12 hours apart].Women in control group were received the same volume of normal saline. Sex and birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, requiring hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units and require respiratory support were recorded for each newborn

Results: No significant difference was seen in sex and weight of newborns between two groups. The precent of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome in the intervention and control groups was 12.5% and 22%, respectively. This difference was not significant. No significant difference was seen in the need to respiratory support, hospitalized in the NICU between intervention and control groups

Conclusion: Adminestration of betamethasone in 36-34 weeks of pregnancy has no effect on the prevention of respiratory failure in preterm infants

[ effect of high-intensity interval training on E-selectin and P- selectin in obese women]

Introduction: Selectin molecules are responsible for leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. We evaluated the effects of eight weeks high-intensity interval training [HIIT] on Eselectin and P- selectin in obese women

Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 16 obese women participants [age: 28.06 +/- 3.62 years, BMI: 31.49 +/- 5.15 kg/m2] using the convenience sampling method, were randomly categorized into two groups [n=8 each], the experimental and the controls. In the trained group, the volunteers participated in 8 weeks HIIT, 3 days/week the HIIT program training included: 45-60 min duration with 90% HRR per session. The Rockport test was used to estimate maximal oxygen consumption. Blood samples were taken from the participants at the beginning end of 8 weeks in order to measure factors such as [E-selectin and P- selectin]. Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-test for comparison of means within and between groups respectively, with level of significance set at p:0.05

Results: Weight and BMI levels reduced, although changes were not significant. WHR reduced significantly at the end of the 8 week period [p=0.007] and Vo2max increased significantly. [p=0.00]. In the aerobic exercise group, E-selectin decreased from 89.76 to 84.27 ng per ml and P-selectin from 7.88 to 7.47 ng per ml, again the difference not statistically significant [p>0.05]

Conclusion: Considering reduction in weight and selectin molecules and increased Vo2max, following HIIT training, this can be used in as therapy for management of cardiovascular patients

[Aggression in different types of attachment in adolescents]

Introduction: Attachment styles are important factors in determining the psychological harms in people especially aggression

Objective: This study aimed at determining the level of aggression in different types of attachment styles in 15 to 17-year-old high school students in Rasht city

Methods: This correlational descriptive study was conducted on 576 students studying at first to third grade of high school in Rasht in 2013. The study sample was classified based on district classification of Office of Education, type of school, sex and grade. 46 classes [n=576 students] were selected by systematic random sampling method. Classes were considered as clusters. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including three parts. First part contained demographic characteristics such as age, sex, grade, field of study, and type of school, birth order, having siblings, education level of family breadwinner, father's job and family income. Second part was the aggression questionnaire by Arnold and Perry which had 29 questions and 4 sub-scales [Physical and verbal aggression, anger, hostility].Total score of the questionnaire ranged from 29 to 145. Thus, the minimum and maximum scores of physical aggression [Min=9, Max=45], verbal aggression [Min=5, Max=25], anger [Min=7, Max=35] and hostility [Min=8, Max=40] were obtained. Scores higher than the mean showed aggression in all of them. Third part comprised of an adult attachment style questionnaire by Hazan and Shaver with 15 questions on secure, avoidant and anxious-ambivalent attachment styles. The final score was calculated based on sum of all obtained scores. Minimum and Maximum scores in all three aspects ranged from 5 to 35. Scores higher than the mean showed using that aspect. To determine the reliability of the aggression tool, a pilot study was conducted on 25 samples. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained 0.85 for determining the internal consistency of the instrument for all questions and 0.73 for physical aggression, 0.78 for verbal aggression, 0.74 for anger and 0.78 for hostility sub-scales. Due to the frequent use of this questionnaire in many papers, re-determining its validity was discarded. In order to confirm the scientific validity of the attachment style questionnaire, content validity was used. Internal consistency of this instrument was investigated in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The alpha coefficient was obtained 0.88 for avoidant, 0.69 for anxious-ambivalent and 0.68 for secure attachment styles. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics [frequency, percent, mean, standard deviation and median] and inferential statistics [Kruskal-wallis and multivariate logistic regression]. P<0.05 was considered the significant level

Results: The mean age of study samples was 15.5 +/- 0.9 years old. Majority of them were girl [54.1%], first year high school student [49.1%] in public schools [88%] in field of Experimental Sciences [39.9%] with high school graduate parents [44.4%], a brother [45.7%], no sister [46%], three family members [63.7%], average family monthly income eqal 150 - 200 dollars [25.9%] and self-employed father's job [51.6%]. Based on the findings, none of the demographic variables had a statistically significant relationship with total score of aggression in adolescents. Moreover, the results showed that the total aggression score was significant in terms of attachment styles [p <0.002].Backward multivariate logistic regression model reveled a significant association between attachment styles by controlling for demographic variables with adolescent aggression score. Adolescents with anxious-ambivalent attachment style were 1.8 times more aggressive than the ones with secure attachment style [P=0.027]. Furthermore, among individual and social variables, field of study and education level of parents were associated with aggression score. Adolescents who had parents with lower education level than high school diploma were less aggressive than the students with university educated parents [p=0.046]. About field of study, adolescents in Humanities [p=0.019], Experimental Sciences [p=0.030] and Mathematics [p=0.017] were less aggressive compared to students in Work and Knowledge

Conclusion: According to the study findings, adolescents with a secure attachment style had lower aggression than the ones with avoidant and anxiety styles. Secure and avoidant attachment styles had the highest and lowest frequency, respectively. The quality of a person's attachment can predict the kind of his/her relationship in the future as well as rate of growth, health, copping strategies with emotions and stresses, independency and mental disorders

[Relationship between religious orientation and spiritual health with emotional adjustment of the hospitalized adolescents]

Introduction: Spiritual health is important aspect of human health that provides integrated relationship between internal strengths. Spirituality and personal beliefs help individuals against problems and make their life meaningful. This study evaluated the relationship between spiritual health and religious orientation with emotional adjustment of admitted adolescents in hospitals

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 adolescents in hospitals of Arak University of Medical Sciences. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included three questionnaires: 1- Religious Orientation Scale, 2-spiritual well-being scale and 3-emotional adjustment scale. Data analyzed using SPSS-20 and with Pearson correlation test, Independent T-test, ANOVA and Multiple linear regressions

Results: Result of this study showed that between religious orientation and emotional adjustment there was no significant relationship [P>0.05]. But a significant relationship [P<0.0001] was found between spiritual health and emotional adjustment indicating adolescents with higher spiritual health had better emotional adjustment. The mean scores of emotional adjustment in males were significantly higher than females [p<0.004]. Age, marital status, education, ethnicity and religious ceremony were not correlated with emotional adjustment. Results of Multiple linear regression showed the score of spiritual health and gender predict%17.1 of adolescent emotional adjustment

Conclusions: In hospitalized adolescents, higher spiritual health was positively associated with increased emotional adjustment. Awareness of spiritual needs and encouraging usage of spiritual intervention and support by physicians and nurses is necessary in order to conduct a holistic care during treatment

[Comparison of the effects of diazinon and paraoxon on the antioxidant system of rat lung]

Diazinon and paraoxon are the most widely used organophosphates [OPs] in agriculture. Some Ops can increase production of free radicals and induce disturbance in body antioxidant system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diazinon and paraoxon on antioxidant system in rat lung. In this experimental study, forty-nine male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Control group received corn oil [a solvent for diazinon and paraxon] and six experimental groups received intraperitoneal injection of different doses of diazinon [30, 50 and 100 mg/kg] and paraoxon [0.3, 0.7, 1 mg/kg]. Twenty-four hours after injections, rats anesthetized by ether, and lung tissues were removed. Then superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione S- transferase [GST] and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] activities and glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels were determined by biochemical methods. The data were analyzed by means of ANOVA and Tukey test. Activities of SOD, CAT and GST were significantly increased at doses of higher than 0.3 mg/kg of paraoxon and also when diazinon used at the dose of 100 mg/kg. LDH activity and MDA level increased and GSH level decreased when we gave higher doses of paraoxon to the rats. Diazinon and paraoxon induced the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation level and depleted GSH content indicated failure of antioxidant system to combat free radicals and oxidative tissue injury. Paraoxon had more toxic effect on antioxidant system in comparison to diazinon

[Toxic epidermal necrosis syndrome after taking Phenytoin; a case report]

Introduction: the toxic epidermal necrosis syndrome is defined as severe skin and mucosal reactions which usually appears by some drugs such as phenytoin. Case Presentation: a 35-year-old man who consumed phenytoin hospitalized due to diffuse mucocutaneous lesions and bullous lesions. After diagnosing its etiology, therapeutic actions were done similar to severe burns which led to improvement of wounds and discharging from the hospital.

Conclusion: finding the etiology of every disease is crucial step in its treatment. When the disease is caused by drug, it is necessary to discontinue immediately consumption of this and start treatment.

[Comparison of salivary cotinine concentration in cigarette smokers, water pipe smokers and non smokers]

Water pipe smoking has become a public health hazard. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the concentration of salivary cotinine in cigarette smokers, water pipe smokers and nonsmokers. Forty-eight volunteers [16 cigarette smokers, 16 water pipe smokers and 16 nonsmokers] participated in this cross-sectional study. High sensitivity Salivary Cotinine Quantitative enzyme immunoassay kit was used to measure the salivary cotinine concentration. Non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression were used to determine the correlation between number of cigarettes smoked and concentration of cotinine. The mean concentration of salivary cotinine was 223.74[ +/- 181.56] ng/ml [the highest] in cigarette smokers, 106.24 [ +/- 135.23] ng/ml in water pipe smokers and 0.73[ +/- 1.24] ng/ml in nonsmokers. The difference in this respect among the 3 groups was statistically significant [P<0.0001]. In smokers, the level of salivary cotinine increased by 1.84 ng/ml per each time of cigarette smoking per week. This increase was 14.57 ng/ml per each time of water pipe consumption per week. The mean concentration of salivary cotinine was significantly higher among cigarette smokers compared to water pipe smokers and nonsmokers. However, one time consumption of water pipe caused a greater rise in salivary cotinine level compared to cigarette smoking

[ impact of self-care education on life quality of diabetic patients]

Introduction: Among the chronic diseases, diabetes is considered as a silent disease and self caring for these patients deeply affects their treatment and finally their quality of life. This study was conducted to assess the effect of educational programs in promoting the quality of life of diabetic patients

Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 60 diabetic patients were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into two case and control groups. The instrument was a standard questionnaire of measuring quality of life which was completed during an interview before the intervention. After determining the educational needs of the patients, an educational program was held for the case group. The data were analyzed using SPSS-17 and Paired t-test

Results: In both groups, from 60 patients under study, 45 women were aged 50 +/- 3.2: The average change of the quality of life was 65 +/- 5.8 in case group and 41 +/- 3.5 in control group. The results of the data analysis showed a statistical meaningful difference [p=0.001]

Conclusion: According to the findings, the educational program was effective in improving the general health and the quality of life of diabetic patients

[Prediction of psychological capital through components of spirituality among nurses]

Spirituality is an important and protective factor in nurses' health. This research was administered with the aim of predicting the psychological capital through spirituality at work among nurses. Research method was correlation and the statistical population was the nurses of a public hospital, among them one hundred and frothy five persons were selected using accessible sampling method. Data gathering instruments were the previous made questionnaires, their reliability and validity has been verified, including psychological capital questionnaire and spirituality at workplace questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results of regression analysis revealed that among four components of spirituality at workplace, sense of community [p<0.01] and spiritual connection [p<0.05] have predictive power on self efficacy, spiritual connection [p<0.01] has predictive power on hope, and sense of community [p<0.05] has predictive power on positive life orientation. None of four components of spirituality at workplace have predictive power on resiliency. The results of current research showed that components of spirituality at workplace could reinforce the nurses' psychological capital. Therefore, reinforcement of spirituality is necessary in hospital environment, for better managing nurses' psychological capital

[Effect of atorvastatin on pancreatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat]

Previous studies have shown that atorvastatin inhibits oxidative stress in different tissues of body during certain pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of atorvastatin treatment as an antioxidant to prevent pancreatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Method: The experiment was performed in four groups of rats [n=5 each] normal, normal treated, diabetic and diabetic treated, who were made diabetic by intravenous injection of streptozotocin [40 mg/kg]. After 30 days of treatment, pancreas tissue was removed under deep anesthesia. After tissue homogenization, superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT] activities, as well as glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels were determined by biochemical methods. In addition to increased blood glucose levels in diabetic rats [78%], enzymes activities of SOD and CAT were significantly increased, compared to the normal rats. Also, induction of diabetes significantly decreased the GSH content of pancreas by 40%, and increased MDA level by 53%. Finally treatment with atorvastatin significantly increased the content of GSH and prevented augmentation of SOD activity. Based on findings of this study, diabetic-induced hyperglycemia provokes the production of pancreas free radicals that lead to oxidative stress. Also, treatment with atorvastatin may prevent hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in the pancreas tissue of these animals

multiple forms of leishmania major in BALB/C mice lung in Iran

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases, which are endemic in different parts of Iran. Leishmania major and L. tropica are the primary causative agents of this disease. The aim of the present study was to detect the multiple forms of L. major in lung. Ppromastigotes of L. major at stationary phase were injected to BALB/c mice. After 60 days, the different forms of Leishmania parasites were checked in lung tissue. Promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania parasites were detected

[Evaluation of staff attitudes about patients' safety culture in Noor and Ali asghar hospitals in Isfahan-2011]

Health service providers' attitude profoundly influence quality of patient care and safety, and lead to increase effectiveness, cost controlling and decreasing complaint. This study aims to examine staff attitudes' about patients' safety culture in Noor and Ali Asghar hospitals in Isfahan province. The survey was a cross-sectional study and was done in 2011. Data were collected from all the staff groups in hospital [n=106]. A standard questionnaire from Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality [AHRQ] with alpha =79% is used to evaluate staff attitudes' toward different aspects of patients' safety culture. This study used SPSS 16.0 to perform the statistical analysis. The response rate for the survey was 89%. The study revealed that 53.7% of the personnel were not reporting errors in 12 months before. Results showed that the average of staff attitudes' scale toward patients' safety culture was [64 +/- 5.28]; the highest scale was belong to supervisor/ manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety [72.8 +/- 15.8] and the lowest one to handoffs and transitions [56.4 +/- 14.8]. According to scale of staff attitudes about patients' safety culture and its effect on service quality, doing reengineering of work environment, Patients' Safety Initiatives including personnel collaborative, communication openness about error, designing of education plan and making error reporting should be recommended

[Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers of rat liver exposed to acute doses of diazinon]

Diazinon is one of the most important organophosphates [OPs] widely used in agriculture. Some OPs have the potential to produce free radicals and induce disturbance in body antioxidant systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diazinon on oxidant-antioxidant system in rat liver. This experimental study was carried out at Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in 2010. A total of 28 male Wistar rats [200-250 g body wt.] were randomly divided into four groups including: sham [received corn oil as diazinon solvent] and three diazinon groups receiving different single doses of this substance [30, 50, and 100 mg/kg] through intraperitoneal route. Twenty four hours after injection, the animals were ether anesthetized and liver tissue removed. Following liver tissue hemogenation, the activity of superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione S-transferase [GST], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] as well as the glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels were determined by biochemical methods. The data were statistically analyzed using the analysis of variance followed by post hoc analysis using Tukey tests. While at concentrations higher than 30 mg/kg diazinon, increased activities of SOD, CAT, and GST with higher level of MDA were observed, the GSH level was significantly decreased when compared with the sham. Also, an increased LDH activity at dose of 100 mg/kg was seen [P<0.01]. Diazinon probably induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes with depleted GSH content is indicative of oxidative tissue injury and increased MDA level is suggestive of damage occurring in liver membranes

Determination of facilitators and barriers in post stroke life, in Kerman city

Stroke is the third leading cause of death, second cause of long-term disability and one of the very important challenging in life. The aim of this research was to explain the barriers and facilitating factors affected on stroke patients' life, and to identify relationship among them with demographic factors and severity of disease. The descriptive-analytic technique was used. All patients who suffered from stroke were recruited in Kerman city. Finally 83 patients were selected, and data were gathered by demographic qualification questionnaire, proven questionnaire by researcher for studying barriers and facilitating factors [after testing validity and reliability], and NIHSS tools. Then, data were analyzed by using descriptive and referential statistics ANOVA test, T-Test, and Pearson coefficient correlation by SPSS software [ver. 16]. The findings showed that patients had more problems in the domains of politics, environmental factors, physical, and economic status. Also, they introduced social support from friends, family and prayer as facilitating factors in their lives. There was a significant positive relationship between age and physical and economical problems. Women have used social support and religious coping more than men. Married patients received more social support and their physical and economic problems raised less. Patients with higher severity of disease had more psychological problems such as depression and worry about future and Patients with lower socio-economic status more faced with barriers

effect of the blood glucose concentration on night work nurses'attention

The repairing effect of glucose on brain cognition functioning, especially attention has been studied widely.Cognitive performance and attention is a vital aspect in nursing practice. Decreased attention and nursing errors may result in substantial mortality, morbidity, and additional health care costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the blood glucose concentration on night work nurses' attention accuracy in military hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A quasi-experimental study was carried out. A convenience sample of 60 nurses working in, two military hospitals in Tehran participated in the study. These nurses were randomly allocated in intervention and control groups. The study was carried out from Sep2009 to April 2010. Data were collected using a demographic data form and attention accuracy was evaluated by Toulouse- Pieron and Bonnardel test. Data collection and intervention was carried out during 4 to 5 am. The blood glucose concentration was measured before intervention, then nurses in intervention group received gr glucose solution, and nurses in control group drank water. One hour after intervention attention accuracy and blood glucose reevaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS V. 15 software. The results indicated that glucose consumption improved the attention accuracy of nurses [P<0.001]. Based on the results, glucose consumption or carbohydrate diet in night work nursing effects on brain cognition performance especially accuracy

[Family system and its effect's on HIV/AIDS high risk behaviors: a qualitative study]

The statistics of HIV/AIDS patients are increasing in the world and Iran. Since previous studies indicated that family structure and communication had an important role in high risk behaviors engagement, Assessing role of family system in high risk behaviors would be help to explore solving problem and prventing high risk behaviors. To determine the effect of family on high risk behaviors. This thematic analysis study with qualitative approach was done during 10 months in Behavioral Counseling Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital and West Clinic in Tehran. The participated patient were selected by purposeful sampling and data was obtained from in dept and semi-structured interview with open end questions. Total interview was recorded and typed word to word. For analysies the results review of transcripts, themes gained from data and coded categorized were done. Among 61 HIV/AIDS patients 45cases were HIV positive and 16 cases were AIDS patients with range age 21-42 years old with average age of 29.7 +/- 4.86. There were 62.3% males and 37.7 were females. Majority of them was single with secondary and high school educational level. Themes consisted of: 1- defect in family function 2- vulnareble structure of family 3- risky family norms. This study showed that core variable was inadequate support of family. Then increasing support of family in adolescents and family base intervention can reduce high risk baheviors and HIV/AIDS incidence

[ relationship between cultural and structural factors of organizations with knowledge management strategy in public teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran university of medical sciences: 2011]

Much has been discussed on the importance of knowledge management over the past years in various communities. Hence, knowledge management has become one of the most essential tasks of the organizations attempting to become a learning organization. Since a considerable number of patients lose their lives annually due to medical errors caused by lack of academic knowledge, research conducted in the field of knowledge management seems to be necessary. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cultural and structural factors of organizations with knowledge management strategy in public teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS]. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2011. The study population consisted of the staff, working at nine public teaching hospitals of TUMS, 200 of whom were randomly selected. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire the validity of which was determined by experts' ideas and the reliability of which was measured by Alpha Cronbach Coefficient [0.88]. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation coefficient through SPSS. Knowledge management was found to be at an intermediate level due to high formalization and concentration in the organizational structure of the public teaching hospitals. There was a significant relationship between structural and cultural dimensions of organizations with knowledge management [p<0.005]. Moreover, structural and cultural dimensions of organizations had a negative correlation with formalization[r= -0.144] and concentration[r=-0.272] but a positive correlation with communication flow [r=0.223], knowledge distribution [r=0.217] and continual learning [r=0.162]. Considering the correlation between the cultural and structural factors of the organization with knowledge management as well as the role of knowledge in the quality of medical services provided by the centers, it is recommended that the cultural and structural dimensions of the organizations be highly taken into consideration while establishing knowledge management in public teaching hospitals. It is also suggested to provide an atmosphere for multilateral communications, continuous exchange of information and to enhance and support the culture of trust through giving freedom to personnel and decreasing excessive restrictions on them

[Cloning and sequencing the plasmid encoding Toxoplasma gondii Microneme 3 protein]

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite, causing toxoplasmosis in human and animal with worldwide spread. Microneme 3 [MIC3] protein, a 90 kDa parasite factor attaching to the host cells in the beginning of the invasion, is secreted in all stages of parasite development [e.g. sporozoite, tachyzoite and bradyzoite] and also is considered as a potent antigen. Therefore, besides the immunogenicity and the candidacy for vaccine design, the protein is used for diagnostic purposes, as well. The aim of the present study was to transfer MIC3 gene into plasmid vector [PTZ57R/T] for subcloning in eukaryotic and prokaryotic plasmids. Toxoplasmia genomic DNA extracted using phenol-chloroform method and MIC3 gene was then amplified by PCR with specific primers. Electrophoresis was performed by using agarose gel and PCR product was purified by T4 DNA ligase enzyme into a cloning vector. Finally, recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli [Top10 strain]. The extracted clone was verified with PCR, digestion enzymes and sequencing. The PCR product was seen as a 1052bp band in agarose gel [1%]. The recombinant plasmids was restricted by HindIII and EcoRV enzymes and two obtained 2886 and 1052bp bands showed that the MIC3 gene was cloned in PTZ57R/T plasmid. The results revealed that the cloning and transformation of MIC3 gene in pTZ57R/T was done successfully

[ situational analysis of human resources in Iranian hospitals affiliated with ministry of health in 2008]

Hospitals are known as one of the main health care providing organizations. Increasing expenditures is claimed to be one of the most serious problems in hospitals. In this context, economic analyzing is very essential for health system evidence based decision making. We aimed to collect and analyze the hospital resources and this article specially is going to clarify the human resources arrangement in hospitals affiliated with ministry of health. This is an Applied Cross Sectional study, which was performed on 139 hospitals in 2009. We were going to collect the data from all Iranian hospitals affiliated with MOHME. In this regard, an expert's panel defined some inclusion criteria and finally 139 out of 530 hospitals were selected. Nine online questionnaires were used to collect data. We categorized the hospitals on the basis of bed numbers, being educational or non educational and locating in poor or rich areas [A: below 50 beds, B: 51-150 beds, C:151-300 beds and D: above 300 beds]. We analyzed the data using SPSS software. In 139 hospitals, there were 23674 active beds and 48238 personnel [2.04 personnel per each bed]. Our data showed that 48.4 percent of personnel had an under-associate degree, 40% had bachelor degree and the rest had higher degrees. Nurses and midwives were 48.1 percents of all personnel. Average bed occupancy rate was 57.8% and the lowest bed occupancy rate was belonged to the under 50 bed hospitals [31.4%]. The ratio of clinical personnel in teaching hospitals [71.1%] was higher than the non-teachings [70.4%]. This ratio was higher in rich areas [71.2%] compared to the poor areas [68.7%]. The proportion of number of personnel per bed in teaching hospitals [2.09] was higher than non-teaching hospitals [1.9]. This proportion was lower in rich areas [2.02] than the poor areas [2.17]. The density of logistic personnel was higher [29.1]than the other personnel. The high density of logistic personnel is a sign of low efficiency in selected hospitals. Despite of increasing ratio of clinical personnel to total number of personnel, the ratio of medical personnel per beds was decreasing and this can be a sign of low quality and effectiveness. Big hospitals have a better bed occupancy rate compared to small ones